ANOTHER St.VALENTINE'S MASSACRE On February 14, 1981, 18-year-old Phoolan Devi had only one thing on her mind: revenge.   Waiting outside the remote village of Behmai on the Yamuna River in northern , a band of about 20 dacoits (bandits) waited for her instructions.  The dacoits were from three different gangs, but their goal was the same: to hunt down the treacherous Ram brothers, Sri Ram Singh and Lala Ram Singh.  Sri Ram was a vicious gang leader who had spent time in prison.  He was the focus of Phoolan Devi's lust for justice because he had murdered her lover, Vikram Mallah, as she slept by his side. Slight in build but strong and agile, Phoolan wore a military-style khaki jacket, denim jeans, and zippered boots.   Her dark, straight hair was cut short, ending at her neck.  By some accounts, she was wearing lipstick and red nail polish.    A wide red bandana—the symbol of vengeance— was tied around her head, covering her hairline and brows.  She carried a Sten rifle and a bandolier across her chest.  While she mourned for her lover, she did not want to be treated as a woman.  She wanted her comrades to think of her as a man because she wanted the kind of revenge only a man could achieve in 's caste-bound society. She had told them to call her "Phool," the masculine version of her given name. She and her band of dacoits had spent the night in the nearby hamlet of Ingwi.   As morning broke, Phoolan, her close lieutenant Man Singh, and Baba Mustakim, a fellow dacoit leader, planned their attack on Behmai. Most of Behmai's population was thakurs, the land-owning caste and the second highest in the Indian system.    Sri Ram was a thakur, and though he had once been allied with Phoolan and Vikram, he had always looked down upon them because they were mullahs, the fishermen's' caste and one of the lowest.  Though just a teenager, Phoolan Devi had been victimized by the caste system her entire life, treated as either a servant or a sex object.   Because she was so outspoken in her objections to the men who oppressed her, she had been frequently beaten, bound, imprisoned, and raped.  A dacoit gang had kidnapped her from her village, but she soon became one of them, showing that she could be as ruthless and bloodthirsty as any man.  But unlike the other bandits who infested the northern states of , Phoolan Devi did not steal for her own enrichment.  Like Robin Hood, she stole from the rich and gave to the poor, particularly poor women.  Her inspirations were the Durga, the Hindu goddess of shakti, strength and power, and Mohandas K. Gandhi, the Indian statesman and humanitarian who had fought for equality among all people. Dacoit gangs have a long history of preying on travelers and looting villages in the northern states of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh, which borders on .   The region is characterized by its wild and rugged landscapes—mountains, maze-like ravines, desolate valleys, and uncharted jungles.  To this day, buses travel in armed caravans to fight off likely raids.  Some believe that the bandits who thrive in these states have been driven to criminality by extreme poverty and the inability to overcome the strictures of the caste system.  Others believe that they are just the dregs of society, criminals by nature that, like the Mafia, has learned the benefits of organization. But Phoolan Devi was unique. She was an idealist who sought to right the wrongs of society.   She was also a passionate woman who had never known love or respect until she met Vikram Mallah.  She swore never to rest until she avenged his murder.   Now, after months of searching for Sri Lam, she had finally found him.  One of her men had learned that he was hiding out in Behmai, and she was determined to capture him there.   She and the other bandit leaders decided to split their force into three units.  One would take the direct path to the village and attack head-on while the other two would lie in wait on the flanks.  When the villagers fled from the frontal attack, the flanking units would intercept them and isolate the Ram brothers.  Sri Ram, after all, would not be hard to spot, Phoolan reasoned.  He had distinctive red hair, a red beard, and bloodshot red eyes.  To her he was the devil incarnate.

Phoolan Devi was born in the village  of Gorha Ka Purwa in Uttar Pradesh, the second child in a family of four sisters and a younger brother.  Her father, Devidin, worked as a sharecropper and was considered cursed for having had so many daughters.  Although they were very poor, Phoolan's family was not the poorest in the village because her father owned about an acre of land and the huge Neem tree that grew on it. PHOOLAN'S FATHER

In her autobiography, I, Phoolan Devi, she recalls that the Neem tree's trunk was so large, she and two of her sisters together could barely encircle it with their arms.  The valuable timber that could be derived from the tree was, in effect, the family's nest egg.  Phoolan came to love that tree for its beauty and majesty and would often rest under its shade.

A NEEM TREE

PHOOLAN'S COUSIN MAYADIN

Her father should have been richer, but his crafty older brother Bihari had seized his inheritance of 15 acres with the empty promise that he would care for Devidin and his family.   When Bihari died, his estate was left to his oldest son, Phoolan's cousin Mayadin.  Though just a child at the time, Phoolan distrusted Mayadin.  "He had the face of a lizard: a flat nose with big wide nostrils and lying eyes," she wrote.  After his father's funeral, Mayadin went to his uncle Devidin and told him that he was now the elder of the family and would be accorded all the respect that position deserved.  But it wasn't long before Mayadin showed his true colors. 

While Phoolan's parents were away for a night, Mayadin sent a crew of workers to cut down Devidin's prized Neem tree and sell the wood, taking the proceeds for himself.   When Devidin returned to find his tree gone, he did not protest.  After living so many years under his brother's subjugation, he knew the futility of trying to fight back.  Phoolan was stunned and appalled by her father's passivity.

In Indian society, a woman would never dare challenge a man, no matter how offensive his behavior, but Phoolan Devi was fearless, headstrong, and provocative.   Though only ten years old, she already had a reputation for promiscuity and was known to bathe naked in the river in broad daylight, unconcerned with who might be watching.  She confronted her cousin and demanded that he compensate her father for the Neem tree.  He tried to ignore her, but she taunted him in public, called him a thief, and staged a sit-in on his land with her older sister.  Mayadin finally lost his patience and struck the impertinent girl with a brick, knocking her out cold.

The beating did not silence her.   She continued to harangue Mayadin, demanding justice.  To get rid of the little nuisance, Mayadin arranged to have her married to a man named Putti Lal who lived several hundred miles away.  Putti Lal was in his thirties; Phoolan was eleven.  Her reputation for promiscuity was totally unfounded, and after she was married, she had no idea what was expected of a wife.  Fearing his "snake," as she called his penis, she refused to have sex with him.  Since he already had another wife, he accepted Phoolan's refusal and relegated her to household labor.  She was so miserable she ran away from her husband's house and walked home.  When she arrived in her village, her family was horrified.  A wife simply did not abandon her husband, they believed.  It was unheard of.  Phoolan's mother, Moola, was so ashamed, she told her daughter to go to the well and jump in to kill herself.  Phoolan was so confused and distraught she contemplated it.

In time, Phoolan recovered her sense of self and rejected her family's condemnations.   She continued to challenge Mayadin, taking him to court for unlawfully holding land that should have been her father's.  In court she seldom contained her emotions, and her dramatic outbursts often left the courtroom stunned.

In 1979 Mayadin accused Phoolan of stealing from his house.   She denied the accusation, but the police arrested her anyway.  While in custody, she was beaten and raped repeatedly, then left to rot in a rat-infested cell.  She knew that her cousin was behind this injustice.  The experience broke her body but ignited her hatred for men who routinely denigrated women.

In July of that year a gang of dacoits led by a notorious bandit leader named Babu Gujar set up camp outside Phoolan's village.   The people of the village naturally feared for their lives and their property.  Babu Gujar was apparently told of Phoolan Devi's stubborn impertinence because he sent her a letter in which he threatened to kidnap her or cut off her nose, a traditional punishment for women who got out of line. 

What happened next is the matter of some debate. Phoolan herself has given conflicting accounts of the event.   The dacoits took her from her village and brought her into the rugged ravines.  As Mary Anne Weaver writes in her article "'s Bandit Queen," "Perhaps she had indeed been kidnapped.  Perhaps Mayadin had paid the dacoits to take her away.  Perhaps she was trying to protect her young brother, whom she adored.  Or perhaps she simply walked away..." She was brought to Babu Gujar who "brutalized" her for seventy-two hours.  Gujar's lieutenant, Vikram Mallah, could no longer stand the young girl's torment, so he shot and killed the dacoit leader.

Tall and unusually thin with a pale complexion and long black hair, Vikram Mallah admired Phoolan since he first set eyes on her.   In her autobiography she recounts her feelings about her rescuer:  "I felt strange—happy but still frightened.  A man had touched me softly, he had stroked my hair and touched my cheeks...  I felt I could trust him, something I had never felt about a stranger or a man before.   Gradually I stopped sobbing, and my tears dried.  If I stayed with him, perhaps I would be happy: no more beatings, no more pain, no more humiliation."

Vikram took over as leader of the gang, and he and Phoolan became lovers.   The killing of Babu Gujar was considered shocking because Vikram belonged to a lower caste than Gujar.  It wasn't long before Vikram and Phoolan were as notorious as Bonnie and Clyde .  According to Weaver, Phoolan was so enthralled with her new life with Vikram, she had a rubber stamp made that she used on all her letters.  It identified her as "Phoolan Devi, dacoit beauty; beloved of Vikram Mallah, Emperor of Dacoits."

BONNIE AND CLYDE